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        "text": "China is continuing to chip away at its dependence on foreign chipmaking technology, this time in wafer polishing—a critical manufacturing step that flattens and smooths silicon discs before circuit patterning. Hwatsing Technology, described as China's leading producer of chemical mechanical polishing equipment, announced a new metrology system for six-inch wafers on Thursday.",
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        "text": "Though wafer polishing lacks the prestige of lithography, it directly affects yield and performance, making the advance a quiet but policy-relevant milestone. The development matters less for its specifications than for what it signals: even under export controls, Chinese firms are building depth in the mid-range of the semiconductor supply chain, innovating around bottlenecks in less-restricted but still vital areas of chip fabrication.",
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        "text": "The progress comes with a clear caveat. The report frames the move as incremental, noting that China's industry remains heavily dependent on foreign suppliers for more complex manufacturing procedures. Hwatsing's step forward reflects Beijing's broader bet that controlling foundational steps—rather than only chasing the most advanced nodes—can help anchor domestic capability while gradually eroding foreign supplier lock-in.",
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